NWCG Glossary of Wildland Fire, PMS 205

Person who starts a fire, usually deliberately and maliciously.

Starting a fire, usually deliberately and maliciously.

The act of setting fire to unburned fuels located between the control line and main fire in burning out operations.

Any method or pattern of igniting a wildland area to consume the fuel in a prescribed pattern. E.g., heading or backing fire, spot fire, strip-head fire, and ring fire.

Emergency care or treatment given to an ill or injured person before regular medical care can be obtained. First aid is generally provided by someone other than a physician. On incidents, most first aid is provided in the field or camp by medical unit personnel such as Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT).

The first combustible material ignited beyond the components of the ignition source itself.

The first name of the resource as it appears on a government issued ID.

The effects that concern the direct or immediate consequences of fire, such as biomass consumption, crown scorch, bole damage, and smoke production. First order effects form an important basis for predicting secondary effects such as tree regeneration, plant succession, and changes in site productivity, but these involve interaction with many other non-fire variables. 

A burn which causes only pain, redness, and swelling.

Firefighters initially attacking a fire, usually the first to arrive at the fire scene.

A descriptor of a human resource's physical work capacity

Geographical position determined by visual reference to the surface, by reference to one or more radio navigational aids, by celestial plotting, or by any other navigational device.

A device mounted inside or directly underneath an aircraft which can contain water or retardant for dropping onto a fire.

Light given off by burning gasses during the combustion process.

A mass of gas undergoing rapid combustion, generally accompanied by evolution of sensible heat and incandescence.

Angle between the flame at the leading edge of the fire front and the ground surface, expressed in degrees.

The depth of the fire front.

The average maximum vertical extension of flames at the leading edge of the fire front. Occasional flashes that rise above the general level of flames are not considered. This distance is less than the flame length if flames are tilted due to wind or slope. 

The distance between the flame tip and the midpoint of the flame depth at the base of the flame (generally the ground surface), an indicator of fire intensity.

Device for throwing a stream of flaming liquid, used to facilitate rapid ignition during burn out operations on a wildfire or during a prescribed fire operation.

Luminous oxidation of gases evolved from the rapid decomposition of fuel. This phase follows the pre-ignition phase and precedes the smoldering combustion phase, which has a much slower combustion rate. Water vapor, soot, and tar comprise the visible smoke. Relatively efficient combustion produces minimal soot and tar, resulting in white smoke; high moisture content also produces white smoke. 

That zone of a moving fire where the combustion is primarily flaming. Behind this flaming zone combustion is primarily glowing or involves the burning out of larger fuels (greater than about 3 inches in diameter). Light fuels typically have a shallow flaming front, whereas heavy fuels have a deeper front.

That phase of a fire where the fuel is ignited and consumed by flaming combustion.

The relative ease with which fuels ignite and burn regardless of the quantity of the fuels. Preferred to "inflammability."

Easily ignitable and capable of burning and producing flames.

An event dealing with the various situations that arise as a result of the presence of flammable gas and liquids such as gasoline, oil, etc.

A liquid generally with a flash point below 140F (60C) and a vapor pressure that does not exceed 40 PSI at 100F (37.8C).

A firing technique consisting of treating an area with lines of fire set into the wind which burn outward at right angles to the wind.

Attacking a fire by working along the flanks either simultaneously or successively from a less active or anchor point and endeavoring to connect two lines at the head.

The parts of a fire’s perimeter that are roughly parallel to the main direction of fire spread.

The parts of a fire's perimeter that are roughly parallel to the main direction of spread.

Fire suppression tool, sometimes improvised, used in direct attack for smothering out flames along a fire edge; may consist merely of a green pine bough or wet sacking, or be a manufactured tool such as a flap of belting fabric fastened to a long handle.

Any sudden acceleration in rate of spread or intensification of the fire. Unlike blowup, a flare-up is of relatively short duration and does not radically change existing control plans.

Highly combustible fine fuels such as grass, leaves, draped pine needles, fern, tree moss and some kinds of slash, which ignite readily and are consumed rapidly when dry.

Lowest temperature at which the vapor of a combustible liquid can be made to ignite in air.

Rapid combustion and/or explosion of unburned gases trapped at some distance from the main fire front. Usually occurs only in poorly ventilated topography.

Stage of a fire at which all surfaces and objects within a space have been heated to their ignition temperature, and flame breaks out almost at once over the surface of all objects within the space.

An individual holding a valid Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airman’s Certificate and flight physical as a prerequisite to performance of the duties of the position during flight: e.g., Pilot, co-Pilot, flight engineer, or flight navigator.

The method and process through which an aircraft is tracked from departure point to destination. Flight following is the knowledge of the aircraft location and condition at regular intervals with a reasonable degree of certainty such that, in the event of mishap, those on board may be rescued. 

Specified information relating to the intended flight of an aircraft that is filed orally or in writing with an air traffic control facility.

Track of an aircraft over the earth's surface.

The time from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of flight until the moment it comes to rest at the next point of landing.

Average forward horizontal distance from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night.

Small portable pump that floats in the water source.

An event dealing with response to a major flood.

Chemical powders that will, in very small quantities, tend to prevent other powders from caking and flocculating. Imparts free-flowing qualities to powder. Used with fire retardant chemicals.

A low expansion foam type with some bubble structure and moderate drain time, exhibiting properties of both wet and dry foam types, which is used for extinguishment, protection, and mopup.

Particulate matter emitted by a fire and larger than 10 microns in diameter with a consequently short residence time in the atmosphere.

The aerated solution created by forcing air into, or entraining air in water containing a foam concentrate by means of suitably designed equipment or by cascading it through the air at a high velocity. Foam reduces combustion by cooling, moistening and excluding oxygen. 

A layer of foam which forms an insulating and reflective barrier to heat and is used for fuel protection, suppression, and mopup.